A techno-economic analysis of membrane-based advanced treatment processes for the reuse of municipal wastewater

Abstract The objective of this paper is to compare, under Dutch market conditions, the energy consumption and net costs membrane-based advanced treatment processes for three water reuse types (i.e. potable, industrial, agricultural reuse). source municipal wastewater plant effluent. Results indicate that application reverse osmosis needed reclaim high quality industrial potable but not irrigation which offers significant savings may lead automatically lower costs. While a reclamation process economically most promising, are cost effective due low prices. Moreover, operational expenditures exceed capital important tender procedures. A factor waste management Water recovery rates could be significantly enhanced through integration softener/biostabilizer unit prior osmosis. supplied on-site with solar energy. possibility designing ‘fit multi-purpose’ discussed briefly. This comparative analysis allows better informed decision making about type preferably targeted in project from design perspective.